사회경제학 발제문 How does government regulate occupations in the united kingdom and the united states? Issues and Policy Implications

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본문내용
Chapter 7. How does government regulate occupations in the united kingdom and the united states? Issues and Policy Implications.
1. Introduction
영국과 미국은 과거에서부터 다양한 직업 규제 정책을 행하고 있음.
미국은 19세기부터 체계적인 직업에 대한 라이센스 발급제도를 각 주단위에서 실시하고 있음.
(예. 의사 혹은 변호사와 같은 라이센스 발급)
이에 반해 영국은 여왕 혹은 의회에 의해 승인받은 조합 형태로 직업에 대한 규제를 전통적으로 실시하고 있음.
이러한 직업 규제는 전문성을 강조하는 것이며 이것을 통해 높은 임금과 소위 말하는 전문직에 대한 지위를 유지하는데 도움이 되는 것임.
물론 논쟁의 여지는 있지만 직업의 규제는 관련업을 영위하는 전문인에게는 금전적인 이익을 얻게 해주고 뿐만 아니라 정부에게도 기준이하의 서비스를 제공하는 것을 감소시킴으로써 공중보건 및 안전을 위해 기여함.
2. Occupational regulation in the United States
미국의 경우, 직업 규제의 2/3이상이 주 단위에서 이루어짐.
일반적으로 3가지 형태로 직업규제는 실시됨.
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