The Role of Trade Unions in European Pension Reforms

of development in the financial sector and capital markets.3.External Debt Management in Korea 1)History of external debt management in KoreaⅠ. 1960-70: Korea has a reputation for being one of the fastest developing countries in the world, experiencing rapid growth since 1963. Real GNP grew at an average annual rate of 9.0 percent between 1963-93. As a result, Koreas status changed from an underdeveloped country in the 1960s to an upper mid-level developing country in the 1990s. It is well known that foreign debt and the governments active economic policy played an important role in he

the company began selling syrup to independent bottling companies licensed to sell the drink. Even today, the US soft drink industry is organized on this principle.Until the 1960s, both small town and big city dwellers enjoyed carbonated beverages at the local soda fountain or ice cream shop. Often housed in the drug store, the soda fountain counter served as a meeting place for people of all ages. Often combined with lunch counters, the soda fountain declined in popularity as commercial ice cream, bottled soft drinks, and fast food restaurants became popular. On April 23, 1985, the trade se

of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has nearly tripled since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Mexico has free trade agreements with over 50 countries including, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. In 2007, during its first year in office, the Felipe CALDERON administration was able to garner support from the opposition to successfully pass pension and fiscal reforms. The administration passed an energy reform measure in 2008, and another fiscal

of Russian party Liberal democracy sideMiddle way sideCommunism sideEthnic-patriotism sideElection system of RussiaVoting ageTermElection of members for DumaElection of presidential SystemCorruption of RussiaLegal systemCivil LawConstitutional LawCriminal LawEconomic systemGovernment role & Economic freedomBack ground Rule of LawLimited GovernmentRegulatory EfficiencyOpen MarketsEconomic Indicators and Development Economic IndicatorsEconomic DevelopmentⅠ. Introduction1) LocationFigure 1 Russia LocationRussia is located in the north Eurasia continent (Far East Asi

the housing bubbles, the value of mortgage securities and other derivatives increased far above their book values. However, the level of risk significantly increased in the early 2000s as sub-prime loans became the primary mortgage used in securitization. As the housing bubble deflated, many portfolios of these securities fell. Also, lenders transferred loans into special purpose investment vehicles and sold these securities to other banks and institutional investors like pension funds or endowments. Eventually, customers in the level of Subprime declared that they cannot afford the interest