[국제정치] 미국이 중동정책 고찰(영문)
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추천 연관자료
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USFP toward Middle East
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Gulf war& Iraq war
Ⅲ. US hegemony on Palestine-Israel conflict
Ⅳ. US‘s hegemony related Iran’s nuclear development.
Ⅴ. Historical background about nuclear issue
Ⅵ. Conclusion
Reference
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4) The contradictory actions against US moralism.
US declared that they are defending values of freedom and human rights. And they claim that war is necessary for defending these values. But this claim is contradictory to their actions. In the months prior to the terrorist attacks, the US had already walked away from several international treaties, including the Kyoto climate accord and an agreement to eliminate land mines.
These contradictory actions against to US idealism and moralism show the hegemony to strengthen the physical power.
Conclusion.
The explicit justification for the war in Afghanistan is 'war against terrorism'. However, when seeing the arbitrary change of government, the struggles over oil and mineral resources and contradictory actions against universal values, US invasion of Afghanistan has hegemonic character.
In terms of US hegemony character about the US foreign policy, as US showed their hegemony in Afghanistan war, US showed their hegemony character in Persian Gulf War in 1991 and Iraq War in 2003. Of course Persian Gulf War in 1991 and Iraq War in 2003 had different US hegemony character and extent of US hegemony character. Although these two wars had different US hegemony character and extent of US hegemony character, we could discover US hegemony character in these two wars. First examine Persian Gulf War 1991 in terms of US hegemony.
Ⅱ. Gulf war& Iraq war
On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait. UNSC tried to resolve the situation peacefully to avoid armed conflict. On August 3, the UNSC called for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, and On November 29, the UNSC declared that if Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991, they authorized using of force against Iraq. However, Hussein refused to withdraw Iraqi forces from Kuwait. On January 16–17, 1991 the multinational coalition force led by the US air offensive invaded Iraq and the Persian Gulf War began.
Within hours of Iraq attack on neighboring Kuwait, George H. W. Bush who had favored diplomatic engagement with Iraq for several years began lining up European, Asian, and Middle Eastern allies. He then ordered the biggest deployment of soldiers and materials since the Vietnam War. Because George H. W. Bush was able to build a strong international coalition before mounting the Persian Gulf War in 1991, Persian Gulf War in 1991 had a weak US hegemony character. Although Persian Gulf War in 1991 showed relatively a weak US hegemony character, this war is case that US exercise their hegemony because George H. W. Bush wanted to has a great deal of influence on Iraq. He wanted to exercise US influence over the Iraq.
After 9. 11 terror, in Jan. 2002 bush made a axis of evil speech and presented Bush doctrine that the United States is justified in going to war preemptively against any group that potentially threatens the country or its allies and that it will do so alone of necessary and this Bush doctrine was the basis for the decision to go to Iraq. George W bush attack on Iraq on the morning of March. 20. 2003 without UN approval, with unilateralism military power.
George W. Bush alleged that Hussein was an ally of Al-Qaeda so was related to 9.11 and possessed WMD (weapons of mass destruction). However this assertion was all clearly contradictory. He asserted that Hussein was an ally of Al-Qaeda so was related to 9.11. However a U.S. bipartisan commission investigated the September 11 attacks, and they said there was no evidence of a “collaborative operational relationship” between the Iraq Baath party’s Hussein government and al-Qaeda.
- 참고문헌
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Reference
"Light Crude Oil (CL, NYMEX): Monthly Price Chart". Futures.tradingcharts.com. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
"Iraq to revive oil deal with China". International Herald Tribune. 2009-03-29.
Retrieved 2010-10-23.
USFP textbook
대외경제정책연구원 – 지역경제포커스 10-36호 “미국의 ‘포괄적 이란제재법’의 주요 내용 및 시사점” 2010년 8월 4일
한국중동학회- 미국의 아랍-이스라엘 분쟁에 대한 정책, 이종택, 2000
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