[기계공학] 열유체 공학실험(영문)
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추천 연관자료
- 목차
-
1.Introduction
2.Objectives
3.Theory
1)Combustion
2)Fuels
(2)Liquid and fuels
3)Solid Fuel Characterization
(1) Proximate analysis
(2)Ultimate anlysis
(3)Heating value analysis
(4)Thermo - gravimetric analysis
4.Experimental Procedure
1)Moisture content
2)Ash content
3)Volatile matter
4)Fixed carbon
5. analysis of results
6.result & discussion
7.reference
- 본문내용
-
2) Fuels
(1) Solid fuels: Coal and Biomass
Coalis
one
of
most
important
fuel
in
Korea
for
electricity
production
and
other
industrial uses. It consists of the remains of vegetation deposits of past geologic ages,
after subjection of biochemical actions, high pressure, temperature, and submersion. The
characteristics
of
coal
vary
considerably
with
location,
and
even
within
a
given
mine
there is some variation in composition.Depending on the level of coalification process,
coal
is
categorized
into
different
ranks:
peat,
lignite,
sub-bituminous
bituminous
and
anthracite.
While
coal
is
fossil
fuel,
biomass
is
a
‘renewable’
resource.
The
energy
source
that
induces the renewability of biomass is the sunlight or radiation from the sun captured
by
photosynthesis.
The
term
““biomass””
is
used
to
describe
all
living
matter
derived
from plants, such as trees, grass, animals, fungi and algae.
The analysis of a sample of solid fuel is given on one of two bases:
?Proximate analysis: moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash contents (%weight)
?Ultimate analysis: carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen content (%weight)Proximate
analysis provides the information on the mode of combustion with which we are very
familiar as shown in Fig. 2. When wood burns, moisture evaporates first at temperatures
o
around 100
C (see Fig. 3). At higher temperatures, dry wood decomposes thermally into
volatile matter and char (fixed carbon). Volatile matter released from the solid fuel forms
flame
around
char
by
combustion.
Char
is
the
black
solid
residue
which
glows
red
during combustion. Char is mostly carbon, while volatile matter is a mixture of various
species
including
light
gases
(such
as
CO
and
H2)
and
many
heavy
compounds
(sometimes
called
‘tar’)
in
the
form
of
vapors.
Therefore,
the
moisture
content
from
proximate analysis provides how wet the fuel is. The volatile matter content and fixed
carbon content determine what fraction of the fuel will be burned in the gas phase and
in
the
solid
phase,
respectively.
The
ash
content
is
the
fraction
of
the
residue
after
complete combustion.
Reactions of
volatile matter
Char
(Fixed carbon)
Ash
Fig. 2 Combustion of wood.
Fig. 3 Combustion process of solid fuels
Ultimate analysis provides the elemental composition of the combustible fraction (volatile
matter
and
fixed
carbon)
in
a
fuel.
This
does
not
include
the
moisture
which
is
determined
by
the
proximate
analysis.
Table
1
shows
the
typical
values
of
moisture,
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contents for wood and different ranks of coal.
Table 1. Typical composition of wood (biomass) and coal.
(2) Liquid and gas fuels
Most
liquid
and
gaseous
hydrocarbon
fuels
are
a
mixture
of
many
different
hydrocarbons.
For
example,
gasoline
consists
primarily
of
a
mixture
of
about
40
hydrocarbons, with many others present in very small quantities.
- 참고문헌
-
1)fundmentals of thermodynamics - richard E. sonntag claus borgnakkke, gordon j.van wylen
2)C. Borgnakke and R.Sonntag, 2009(7 th ed), Fundamentals of Thermodynamics,
Chapter 15 - Combustion , John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
3)A. Williams et al. 2000, Combustion and Gasification of Coal , Applied energy
technology series, Taylor & Francis, New York
4)S. R. Turns 2000, (2th ed), An Introduction To Combustion , McGraw -Hill
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