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Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´ø ½ÅÇÐ, ¾Æ¸£³ëÇÁ½ºÅ°, ¿øÇü, »ý¸íÀÇ ³ª¹«, ¿µ¿õŽ»öÀÇ 4´Ü°è, Postmodern theology, Arnofsky), archetypes, The Tree of Life, the four stages of the heroic quest |
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| ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ¾Æ¸£³ëÇÁ½ºÅ°(Darren Aronofsky)ÀÇ ½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´ø ¿µÈ ¡º»ù¡»(The Fountain)À» Á¾±³ÀûÀÌ°íµµ °úÇÐÀûÀÎ »ó¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿øÇüÀû Á¢±ÙÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ´Ù·é´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µÈ´Â ±× ÀÚü°¡ ½ÅÈ¿Í ¼º°æ¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú À¯»çÇÑ ¿ìÈÀÌ´Ù. Å©·¹¿À(Tom Creo)´Â Çö´ë ¹®¸íÀ» ±¸Ã¼ÈÇÑ Àι°·Î, °úÇÐÀº ³Ê¹«³ª È®½ÇÇϰí ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àç´ÉÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ÀÚºÎÇÑ Å¿À¸·Î »îÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» »ó½ÇÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Çö´ë »ýȰÀº Áúº´À» ¹°¸®Ä¡°í, ¼ö¸íÀ» ¿¬ÀåÇϸç, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Á¸À縦 ÇöÀç¿¡ È®°íÇÏ°Ô »Ñ¸®³»¸®´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖ·ÂÇØ ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àΰ£ÀÌ Áö±¸»ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ý¹°Ã¼¸¦ ÆÄ¸êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë·®»ì»ó ¹«±â¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³½ °ÍÀº ºÐ¸í ¾ÆÀÌ·¯´ÏÀÌ´Ù. Á×À½À» Á¤º¹ÇϰíÀÚ Çϴ Ž±¸ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â Àü Áö±¸ÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÀ» ÃÊ´ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â ¿µ¿õÁÖ±âÀÇ ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ ¿µÈ¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿ìȸ¦ ¼³¸íÇØ º¸°íÀÚ ½ÃµµÇß´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ ¿µÈÀÇ ÈûÀº Áý´ÜÀǽÄÀÌ °³ÀÎÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¼º Ãß±¸¿Í À¶ÇյǾî ÀÖ´Â Á¡¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Çî´õ½¼¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é °³ÀÎÀÇ Æä¸£¼Ò³ª´Â Àι°Àº »ç±â²Û, Åä³¢, ºÓÀº »Ô, ½ÖµÕÀÌÀÇ ³× ´Ü°èÀÇ ¿µ¿õÁÖ±â·Î ¿ä¾àµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¡º»ù¡»Àº ÀÌ 4´Ü°è¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¿øÇüÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ¿øÇüÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿µÈ°ü°´¿¡°Ô´Â »ý¼ÒÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¾Æ¸£³ëÇÁ½ºÅ°´Â ¿¡µ§µ¿»ê°ú »ý¸íÀÇ ³ª¹«ÀÇ À̾߱⿡ ³ª¿À´Â ´Ü°è·Î ÀçÇØ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¡µ§ Àü¼³ÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±â¿ø°ú ½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ºÐ¸®¿¡ °üÇÑ À̾߱âÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ¾Æ¸£³ëÇÁ½ºÅ°´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ Á×À½À» ¿ì¸® ÀڽŰú ŸÀÚ, ±×¸®°í ½Å°úÀÇ Àç°áÇÕÀ¸·Î ´Ù·ç¸ç, ³«¿øÃß¹æÀÇ À̾߱⸦ °Å²Ù·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ¾Æ´ã°ú À̺갡 ¿µÀûÀ¸·Î Áøº¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â ¿¡µ§µ¿»êÀ» ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³, ¾Æ´ã°ú À̺êÀÇ Èļյ鵵 ±×µéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ¿ÂÀüÇÏ°Ô µÇ±â À§Çؼ´Â ¿¡µ§À» µÇã¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿µÈ´Â Àΰ£ ÇູÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¿ä¼ÒÀÎ ±×¸²ÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù·é´Ù. ÀÚ¾Æ(the ego)¿Í ±×¸²ÀÚ´Â ¼·Î »óÃæÇϴµ¥, ¿µ¿õÀº ±«¹°À» ¹«Â ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í, Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ¿õÀÌ ±«¹°À» ½º½º·Î ¹°¸®Ä¥ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§, ¿©¼ºÀÌ ³²¼ºÀÎ ¿µ¿õÀ» ±¸ÃâÇÑ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¾Ö´Ï¸¶(anima)À̸ç, ³²¼º ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ ±×¸²ÀÚ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºÀû ¼Ó¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Àû´çÇÑ ºÎÀûÀ» °®Áö ¸øÇÑ ¿µ¿õÀº ±«¹°À» ¹«Â±â À§Çؼ´Â ¿©¼ºÀû ¾Ö´Ï¸¶·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »îÀ» Ãæ½ÇÇÏ°Ô »ì¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀº Á×À½, ȤÀº ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ̱⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸, Çö¼¼¿¡ÀÇ ¾ÖÂøÀº Á×À½À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ±â ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. Çö´ë»çȸ´Â Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ ¼¼°è¸¦ Èñ»ýÇÏ°í¼ ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ¼¼°è¸¦ Á¤º¹ÇØ ¿Ô±â¿¡, ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ì¸®´Â Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´ø ½ÅÇÐÀ» ã¾Æ¼ ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ Çö´ë»çȸÀÇ ¿å±¸¿Í °¥¸ÁÀ» ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ Æ÷ÂøÇØ³»´Â ³»¸éÀÇ ½É¸® ¼¼°è¿Í ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃâ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¾ß¸¸ ¿ì¸® Àΰ£ÀÌ ÆÄÆíȵDZ⸦ ¸ØÃâ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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| This paper examines Darren Aronofsky`s postmodern theological film The Fountain through an archetypal approach to both religious and scientific symbols. The movie itself is an allegory similar to those encountered in myth and scripture and offers a ritualistic experience that takes the audience from one psychological state to another over the period of the film. Tom Creo becomes the incarnation of modern civilization. For him, science is so unquestionable, and he so confident of his talents that he loses the purpose to what life actually is. Modern life has been about defeating disease, lengthening the lifespan, and rooting ourselves firmly to this existence in the present. The irony is by doing so we have created weapons of mass destruction that could end all life on earth more thoroughly than any other extinction event in the past. In our pursuit to conquer death, we have invited whole scale annihilation of our planet in pursuit of truth. I have attempted to decipher the allegory established by this film through an analysis of the heroic cycle, for the films power is in merging group consciousness with the individual quest for identity. An individual`s persona can best be summed up in four stages as found in the heroic quest: the Trickster cycle; the Hare cycle; the Red Horn cycle; and the Twin cycle. The Trickster is the juvenile hero that does harm to others and to self in order to succeed. The Hare recreates civilizations after their destruction. The Red Horn hero undergoes great feats, usually through the aid of gods or talismans, to overcome the evil forces assailing the world. In the twins phase, two like minded individuals, or a hero of both the dark and light nature, eventually defeat all evil and overcome all obstacles held in their way, eventually becoming a monster to those they have saved. The only way to stop them and save the world is to sacrifice them. The Fountain deals with the same archetypes found in these four stages. Since they are mostly unfamiliar to the average moviegoer, Aronofsky opts to reinterpret the stages as found in the story of the Garden of Eden and the Tree of Life. However, since the Eden account is about our origins and separation from God, Aronofsky deals with our death as a reunification with ourselves, our other, and our God, and retells the story of the expulsion from Eden in reverse. Just as Adam and Eve have to exit the garden to progress spiritually, the inheritors of Adam and Eve must have a need to reclaim Eden if they are to be whole again. The movie deals with the final element to humanity`s well-being: the shadow. The ego and the shadow are at odds. The hero can defeat the monster or fall victim to it. When the hero cannot defeat the monster on his own, a woman enters the quest to rescue the male hero. She is the anima, the shadowy feminine side of the masculine ego. Thus, a hero without the proper talisman to defeat the monster must receive aid from the feminine anima in order to defeat it. The ability to live life to the fullest belongs in part to the ability to accept death, to accept the unknown for what it is. Modern society has conquered the physical world at the expense of the spiritual one. We need to find a postmodern theology that balances the very needs and wants of a material modern world with the inner psychological one required to grasp the unknown, so that we will cease to be fragmented. |
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