[정치학] 지역주의 쇠퇴와 사회균열-대통령 선거와 정당 정치 사례를 중심으로(영문)
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추천 연관자료
- 목차
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1. Introduction
(including methodology and political background of regionalism)
2. The 15th presidential election
3. The 16th presidential election
4. The 17th presidential election
5. Conclusion
6. References
7. The report about the team performance
- 본문내용
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Development of regionalism and political background
Antagonism between Kyongsang province and Cholla province had already been formed under the Kyongsang based former presidents Park Chung-Hee, Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-Woo. While Kyongsang province developed including the establishment of industry facilities, Cholla province remained underdeveloped compared to Kyongasang province. Regionalism had existed during authoritarian rule but it can’t be considered as a social cleavage because it wasn’t structuralized determining the party system of South Korea.
South Korea’s regionalism was triggered when the nation was democratized in 1987 after the authoritarian regime collapsed. Under the authoritarian rule, many civilian leaders cooperated to fight for democracy against the military dictatorship. However, once democracy was achieved each opposition leader created their own party in order to prepare for the upcoming presidential elections. Two rival politicians at the time were Kyongsang province based Kim Young Sam and Cholla province based Kim Dae-Jung. In addition, the fact that the nation was finally democratized overcoming the long tenure of authoritarian rule and that it was a direct presidential election system in 16 years since April 27th 1971 elections, enhanced the citizens’ eagerness to vote.
Given this situation, the two political leaders chose to utilize regionalism as their election strategy or campaign vehicles. Each party created by the two leaders saw regional cleavage as a strong resource they could mobilize in order to gain support and win the 13th presidential election. All efforts were exerted to gain votes from each provinces and this election created the base for the regional cleavage to root deeply in Korean politics and voting behaviors of citizens. This cleavage structure formed by regionalism were strengthened and expressed at the following general elections and presidential elections.
2. The 15th Presidential Election and the regional cleavage
Election background
The 15th presidential election can be seen as a turning point in Korea. Periodically, the election opened the way to the 21st century and historically, the election had the potential to change political forces and make a smooth transition to a new regime. Most importantly, the election was during a time of economic hardship. After long years of development, Korea was catching up to the wealthy, developed nations and accepted to OECD. However, the ambitious financial liberalization of president Kim Young Sam had failed miserably. Some scholars claim that the reform had failed due to the absence of the state intervention and supervision. Regardless of the cause, the reform had failed and the Korean economy collapsed. Foreign capital outflow was rapid and short term loans couldn’t be solved. The government announced its economic failure and the IMF came in to restructure the economy according to the Anglo-American model (Jeong, 1998).
- 참고문헌
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- The 1997 presidential election in South Korea. (Kang, Won-Taek and Hoon Jaung, 1999, Electoral Studies. Vol. 18, Issue 4 pp. 599-608)
- The Presidency, Regionalism, and Distributive Politics in South Korea. (Horiuchi, Yusaku and Seungjoo Lee, 2008, Comparative Political Studies. Vol. 41, No. 6 pp. 861-882)
- The 15th Presidential Election, Kim Dae-jung government, and the democracy (Jeong Young-Tae, 1998, Economy and Society Vol. 37, pp. 202-223)
- Elections and Regionalism in Korea (Nam Kook-chan, 2010, Incheon University, Graduate School of political science)
- The Splits and Mergers of Korean Parties and Instability of Party System (Kwak Jin-young, 2009, Konkuk University)
- The Change of Korean Regionalism: A View on Voting Behaviors and Political Parties (KIM, Jin Ha, 2010, Kelmyung University,)
- The Changing Korean Party System and the Regionalism? (Kang Myoungsei, 2005, Sejong Institute)
- Effects of Social and Ideological Cleavages on Vote Choice in the Korean Presidential Election of December 19, 2007 (Park Chan-wook, 2009, Seoul National University)
- 2002 Presidential election and the changes in the structure of political parties (Kim, Yong-bok, 2002, Critical Sociology seminar, Nurimedia)
- The changes in the political party system in South Korea in terms of Realignment (Lee Jung-jin, Suwon Science University)
- A study of Major Parties Pledges in the 16th Presidential Election (Ahn Chul-hyun, 2003, Kyung-sung University)
- How should we look at the all-in support votes of Honam? (Ju Gook-jeon, Moonsung Middle School Teacher, 2002, Nurimedia)
- Presidential Election and Regional Cleavage in Korea: Focused on the 15~17th presidential election in the capital area (Kim YoungTae, 2009, Mokpo National University)
- A Multiple Indicators Approach of Partisan Attitudes: An Analysis of the Effect of Partisanship on Voters’ Choice in the 17th Presidential Election in Korea (Hwang AhRan, 2008, Pusan National University)
- The Effect of President Roh’s Approval Rating on the 2007 Presidential Election (Ka Sanjoon, Dankook University)
- Cleavage Structure and Party System: Regionalism, Ideology, and the 2007 Korean Presidential Election (Cho SungDai, 2008, Hanshin University)
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