[국제인권] human right in North Korean Concentration Camps(북한 포로 수용소의 인권문제)(영문)
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- 2010.06.14 / 2019.12.24
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Estimated number of 200,000 people is held within twelve or more concentration camps. Vitit Muntarbhorn, a UN envoy to North Korea, condemned the fact that “another 400,000 had died in the country's system of prison camps, either by execution or of a combination of malnutrition and exhaustion brought on through forced labor.” What human rights violations have been committed within the walls of the North Korean gulags?
Before presenting human rights violations in North Korean concentration camps, it would be important to know what UN treaties North Korea have ratified. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is a Party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. It is not yet a party to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Based on the treaties that North Korea has signed, the UN has observed the following human rights violations associated with the prison camps:
First, there are violations from the cause of arrest and detention: restricted freedoms of thought, conscience, religion, opinion and expression, peaceful assembly and association, and limitations imposed on every person who wishes to move freely within the country and travel abroad. For example, political thinkers and activists of Namro Party were detained and most of them were put to death, because they promoted communism that differed from Kim’s Juche ideology. Defectors also asserted that persons associated with foreign evangelical groups or churches, or become a member of underground churches are arrested, detained in
- 참고문헌
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Barnett, Antony, “Revealed: the gas chamber horror of North Korea's gulag,” The Observer, February 1, 2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/feb/01/northkorea
Commission on Human Rights Economic and Social Council, U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Resolution on North Korea, (United Nations, 15 April 2003)
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Concluding Observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Democratic People's Republic of Korea, (United Nations, 12 December 2003)
Garlick, Hattie, “North Korea: the defectors' tale,” Times Online, November 4, 2009, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6902504.ece
Gowman, Philip, “From Gulag to Getaway: North Korean refugees tell their story in Parliament,” London Korean Links, November 5, 2009, http://londonkoreanlinks.net/2009/11/05/from-gulag-to-getaway-north-korean-refugees-tell-their-story-in-parliament/
Hawk, David. The Hidden Gulag. (Washington: U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2003) http://www.hrnk.org/HiddenGulag.pdf
Human Rights Committee Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Concluding Observations of the U.N. Human Rights Committee: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, (United Nations, 27 July 2001)
Human Rights Committee Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Concluding Observations of the U.N. Human Rights Committee: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, (United Nations, 27 August 2001)
Kang, Chol-hwan. "Hell and Heaven of North Korea." Handong Global University, Pohang. 2 Dec. 2009. Lecture.
King, Martin Luther, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail, April 16, 1963,
http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~hst306/documents/letter.html
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